Conversation Analysis, Discourse Analysis Assignment

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

CONVERSATION ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENT

Compiled by:

Aziz Wira Pradana (A.320 090 097/ class B)

Dian Setya Nugraha (A.320 080 222/ class D)

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2012

1.      Tom                 :  ((Chuckling)) It was really just a crazy thing.

It happened like- It felt like it happened fast, but really,

it- it also felt like it was happening really slowly,

Iike everything all was just-

I don't know. It doesn't feel like you think it would :::(3.0)

2.      Tom                 : ((Slams Drawer)) Hey, what's the matter?

3.      Summer           : I just- I can't believe you.

4.      Tom                 : You can't believe me?

5.      Summer           : You were so completely, comPLEtely uncool in the //re.

6.      Tom                 :                                                                            Wait//Are you mad at me?

  I just got my ass kicked for you.

7.      Summer           : Oh, really? Was that for me? Was that for my benefit?

8.      Tom                 : Yes, it was.

9.      Summer           : Okay, well, next time don't, 'cause I don't need your help.

 You know what? I'm really tired.

 Can we talk about this tomorrow?

10.  Tom                 : ((Exhales)) (0.14) No. You know what? I'm not going anywhere till you

  tell me what’s going on.

11.  Summer           : Nothing's going on.

12.  Summer           : ((Exhales)) We're just-

13.  Tom                 : What? We're just what?

14.  Summer           : We're just // friends.

15.  Tom                 :         NO! // Don't PUll that with me! Don't EVen try to-

 This is not how you treat your FRIEND.

KissING in the COPY ROOM? Holding HANDS in lKEA? SHOWER SEX? COME ON! FRIENDS, MY   BALLS!

16.  Summer           : (0.6) I like you, Tom. I just don't want a rela//tionship-

17.  Tom                 :                                                           WELL,// YOU'RE NOT THE ONLY

  ONE THAT GETS A SAY IN THIS!

I DO TOO! AND I SAY WE'RE A COUPLE, GODDAMN IT!

After Tom said the last sentence, he opened the door and went away and the conversation was over.

Personalization

From the conversation it can be inferred that Tom is an emotional person; he gets angry when Summer said that his action was not needed. Then he can’t control his emotion like in the 14^th line. Tom also an active person because Tom takes floor immediately after Summer said like in 2^nd, 4^th, 6th, and 8^th line.

While Summer is an ignorance person, she does not cares about Tom’s feelings, she just want to enjoy their togetherness without clear status. It can be seen in the 15^th line. She also a dilemmatic person, she needs to think for a few second to answer Tom’s question as in 16^th line “I like you, Tom. I just don't want a relationship”.

Analysis

The conversation begins from man namely Tom and his girl namely Summer entered the room of the apartment in the night. They were from the pub. Tom came with hold a plastic of ice to compress his cheek, and Summer came with handed a hand bag and cardigan. Just right after Tom opened the door, they start to loud arguing.  They are talking about an incident in the pub.  When they were in the pub, Tom got punch right on his cheek by Summer’s friend namely John. Tom got punch because he start to smash John first then Jon smashes him back. Tom did it because he can’t accept Jon’s statement about him which is humiliated Tom.

From the conversation above, Tom gets angry because Summer clarify that there is nothing special in their relationship. Summer thinks that their relationship is just friend. While Tom doesn’t agree with Summer’s opinion.  Tom’s disagreement is reflected in the 14^th as supported as in his stressing tone “NO, Don't pull that with me!” which implies that Tom is completely disagree with Summer’s opinion then getting angry.

In this conversation, overlap occurs when Summer said “You were so completely, completely uncool in there” in 5^th line, and at the same time Tom reply immediately by answer
“Wait. Are you mad at me? I just got my ass kicked for you” in 6^th line. Summer’s utterance has the form a statement, the function is as the complaint to Tom. While Tom’s utterance has the form as question and has function as the expression of anger to Summer’s utterance.

In this conversation also there is a lengthening as in number 1, Tom’s last word was lengthened for 3 seconds and it has function to give emphasize about the conversation. Then in 10^th line and 16^th line, there are pauses. In 10^th Tom pauses his statement for 14 seconds and it has function to think more about what he will say by exhaling. While in 16^th line Summer pauses his statement for 6 seconds and it has function to rethink about the Tom’s answer.

Also there are three non verbal actions as in 1^st, 2^nd, and 10^th line those are Chuckling, Slams Drawer, and Exhaling. It has function to give real interpretation abut the situation in the conversation.

Adjacency Pair

6.      Tom                 : Wait //Are you mad at me? I just got my ass kicked for you.

7.      Summer           : Oh, really? Was that for me? Was that for my benefit?

8.      Tom                 : Yes, it was.

9.      Summer           : Okay, well, next time don't, 'cause I don't need your help.

Tom:       Complaint

è Complaining -- Assertion

è Emphasizing

Summer: Response

è  Hesitation

è Warning – Declaration

DA assignment 3

Aziz wira pradana
A 320090097 Class C

                                                                                             Page 50-51

1.       Objectives: The judge (A) asked to John Smith (B) to make confirmation, to show compliment.

                                John Smith expresses complaining to the judge.

Situation     :

·         Participant suspect in lower position than the judge

·         Location in the court 

·         Formal situation  

Act sequence:  first, the suspect coming to the room of the court. Second the judge opens the    session. Last, the judge gives some question to the suspect.

Key                     : anger or irritated

Instrumental  : spoken and formal

Norm                 : the suspect has less respect to the judge. He should be respected to the judge.

Genre               : judicial conversation

2.    There are roles for the marriage principal, ta’aruf, Ijab qobul, ceremony of marriage, marriage script, closing of marriage ceremony. There are roles for the language principal; the language within the institution ‘research’ must meet different requirements (such as precision) than language in education (comprehensibility). Both language and marriage has system of role in utterances.

3.    The similarity between the institution concept as it is used in section5.2 and the meaning of the word ‘institution’ in the Institutia Oratoria by Quintilian and Calvin’s Religionis  Christianae Institutio is Participant, there is member of group, the existence of role.

5.    Phatic communion in this conversation there are two passengers of the bus and they are talking about the payment. They only talk to spend of time, there is, no intention to discuss more about the payment. 

8.    Objectives           : The conductor asked to passenger to make confirmation, he also complains to the passenger that holds up a lit cigarette.

        Situation              : Location in the train and informal situation

Effect                    : The conductor attempts to ask the passenger about what the passenger will       be doing. But, the passenger feels irritated.

DA assignment 2

Writing Summary by Fitri Nurwiyanti

An article in Campus magazine entitled “Publics Participation For Education” by Miftakhul Khoiri presents the first school Taman Siswa built by Ki Hajar Dewantara. Education paradigm is growing in Indonesia to fulfill the spirit of education these days. Citizens should get competent education. Education is responsibility by government and the side of private sector individual and group. Because of limited cost, the government opens the opportunity for public to participate and develop business education such as; building opening schools, courses, or skill education with facilities more complete and better than government schools. Supported by complete and good facilities make this school rather expensive because it also promises the good management on its education.

Indonesia has pesantren as education system (Islamic boarding house models). It is classified into two models: First Traditional, it does not collect the payment from the students and students can stay and study freely. They study about Islamic science for the sake of individual and public. The traditional pesantren still be one choice by our society under class social. Second, Modern pesantren collects the payment of the students because it gives more ability and knowledge for students. They do not only study about Islam but also other sciences like Biology, Mathematics, Economics, Physics, Language and Art. They are prepared to face the era that always changes.

Without already realized the friction that could be happened from motivation of organizer and management of existing education. To get the good education with their equipment of facility they perform forced the citizen get dealing with power of bargain and faces the reality of expensive school and that also is for rich man children. Poor people who have not the purchasing power to bargain they will lose their formal education. Government and private sector individually and group have big homework to repair their education inspect that aims on making organization of education.

I agree with the writer who says that about publics participation for education is importance. He says that the education not only managed by government, but also the society has contribution to build education together, about how they create good education, both the facilities, system and soon. The government should think that all the society level can enjoy education reasonably. Moreover, to get good education with equipment of facility they perform to force the citizen get the power of bargain and faces the reality of expensive school and that also is for rich man children. I think that the middle society should optimalize brilliant brain to be able to compete with others. The writer says that the poor people who have not the purchasing power to bargain they will lose their formal education. I think that this statement is true. The government and the private school should really provide scholarship for the students who have competence to enjoy education.

Text Analysis

Writing Summary by Fitri Nurwiyanti

1.      An article in Campus magazine entitled “Publics Participation For Education” by Miftakhul Khoiri presents the first school Taman Siswa built by Ki Hajar Dewantara.

2.      Education paradigm is growing in Indonesia to fulfill the spirit of education these days. Citizens should get competent education.

3.      Education is responsibility by government and the side of private sector individual and group.

4.      Because of limited cost, the government opens the opportunity for public to participate and develop business education such as; building opening schools, courses, or skill education with facilities more complete and better than government schools.

5.      Supported by complete and good facilities make this school rather expensive because it also promises the good management on its education.

6.      Indonesia has pesantren as education system (Islamic boarding house models).

7.      It is classified into two models: First Traditional, it does not collect the payment from the students and students can stay and study freely.

8.      They study about Islamic science for the sake of individual and public.

9.      The traditional pesantren still be one choice by our society under class social.

10.  Second, Modern pesantren collects the payment of the students because it gives more ability and knowledge for students.

11.  They do not only study about Islam but also other sciences like Biology, Mathematics, Economics, Physics, Language and Art.

12.  They are prepared to face the era that always changes.

13.  Without already realized the friction that could be happened from motivation of organizer and management of existing education.

14.  To get the good education with their equipment of facility they perform forced the citizen get dealing with power of bargain and faces the reality of expensive school and that also is for rich man children.

15.  Poor people who have not the purchasing power to bargain they will lose their formal education.

16.  Government and private sector individually and group have big homework to repair their education inspect that aims on making organization of education.

17.  I agree with the writer who says that about publics participation for education is importance.

18.  He says that the education not only managed by government, but also the society has contribution to build education together, about how they create good education, both the facilities, system and soon.

19.  The government should think that all the society level can enjoy education reasonably.

20.  Moreover, to get good education with equipment of facility they perform to force the citizen get the power of bargain and faces the reality of expensive school and that also is for rich man children.

21.  I think that the middle society should optimalize brilliant brain to be able to compete with others.

22.  The writer says that the poor people who have not the purchasing power to bargain they will lose their formal education.

23.  I think that this statement is true.

24.  The government and the private school should really provide scholarship for the students who have competence to enjoy education.

COHESION:

v  Sentence 1 Lexical Cohesion > Collocation

·         Taman Siswa refers to Ki Hajar Dewantara. Because Ki Hajar Dewantara is the proponent of  Taman Siswan in Indonesia.

v  Sentence 2 and 3 Lexical Cohesion  > Reiteration > repetition

·         The word “Education” repeats two times.

Conjuction

·         The word “and” connect the side of private sector individual and group.

v  Sentence 4 > Ellipsis

·      Because of the cost refers to education cost.

Conjunction

·      “Or” connect building opening schools, courses, with skill education with facilities more complete

·      “And” connect the government opens the opportunity for public to participate with develop business education.

·      “Because of” connect limited cost with the government opens the opportunity for public to participate and develop business education.

·      “And” connect develop business education such as; building opening schools, courses, or skill education with facilities more complete with better than government schools.

v  Sentence 5)

Conjunction

·      “Because” connect supported by complete and good facilities, make this school rather expensive with it also promises the good management on its education.

·      “And” connect supported by complete and good facilities

Reference

·       “It” is anaphoric refers to school that has good facilities and expensive cost.

·       “Its” is anaphoric refers to school that has business education, good facilities, and expensive cost.

·      “This” is anaphoric refers to school that has business education.

v  Sentence 6

Lexical Cohesion > Synonymy

·      The word “pesantren” has similar meaning with Islamic boarding house models.

v  Sentence 7

Reference

·      First “It” is anaphoric refers to Traditional pesantren.

·      Second ”It” is anaphoric refers to model of the pesantren

Temporal Conjunction

·      “First” connect the explanation of two models of Pesantren; Traditional pesantren and Modern pesantren.

Conjunction

·      “And” connect it does not collect the payment from the students with student can stay and study freely.

v Sentence 8

Reference

·      “They” is anaphoric refers to students in traditional pesantren.

v Sentence 9

Temporal Conjunction

·      “second” connects the kinds of pesantren that had explained before.

Reference

·      “It” is anaphoric refers to Modern pesantren.

Conjunction

·      “Because” connect  Modern pesantren collects the payment of the students with it gives more ability and knowledge for students

v Sentence 10

Lexical Cohesion  > Reiteration > repetition

·      The repetition of word pesantren is pointed out that pesantren to be the important thing to be discussed.

v Sentence 11

Reference

·      “they” is anaphoric refers to the students in modern pesantren.

v Sentence 12

Reference

·      “they” is anaphoric refers to the science that have prepared by the modern pesantren.

v Sentence 13

Ellipsis

·      “Organizer” refers to the people who organize the school management.

 Conjunction

·      “And” connect motivation of organizer with management of existing education.

v Sentence14

Reference

·      “They” is anaphoric and cataphoric refers to government and private sector.

Conjunction

·      First “and” connect they perform forced the citizen get dealing with power of bargain with  faces the reality of expensive school

·       Second “and” connect faces the reality of expensive school with that also is for rich man children.

v Sentence 15

Reference

·      “they” is anaphoric refers to poor people.

v Sentence 16

Conjunction

·      “and” connect government with private sector individually

·       “and” connect private sector individually with group.

Reference

·      “their” is anaphoric ally refers to poor people education.

v Sentence 17

Reference

·      “I” is anaphoric refers to Fitri Nurwiyanti.

·      “The writer” is anaphoric refers to the person who write the article on Campus Magazine Miftakhul Khoiri.

v Sentences 18

Lexical Cohesion >> Synonymy

·      “He” refers to the writer that had mentioned in previous sentence.

Conjunction

 ·         “But” explains contradiction meaning. It is about the needs to develop education.

 ·         Correlative conjunction “both…and” connect good education both the facilities, system with other components.

v Sentence 19

Conjunction

·      “That” connects the government should think with all the society level can enjoy education reasonably. (subordinating conjunction)

v Sentence 20

Conjunction

·      “Moreover” connects the way to get good education that has been explained in the previous sentence. (adversative conjunction)

·      First “ and” connect they perform to force the citizen get the power of bargain and faces the reality of expensive school

·      Second “and” connect faces the reality of expensive school with  that also is force rich man children.

Reference

·      “They” is anaphoric refers to the government, private sector individually and group.

v Sentences 21

Reference

·      “I” is anaphoric refers to Fitri Nurwiyanti

Substitution

·      “Others” is substitutes other people.

v Sentence 22

Lexical Cohesion >> Synonymy

·      “The writer” refers to Miftakhul Khoiri.

Reference

·      “They’ is anaphoric refers to poor people.

v Sentences 23

Reference

·      “I” is anaphoric refers to Fitri Nurwiwanti.

·      “This” is anaphoric refers to the statement that says the poor people who have not the purchasing power to bargain they will lose their formal education.

v Sentences 24

Conjunction

·      “And” connect the government with the private school